6 Symptoms Of Colon Cancer
As reported by cancer.org, following skin cancer, colon cancer proudly holds the title of the third most frequently diagnosed cancer among both men and women in the United States.
What is Colon Cancer?
Commonly known as colon cancer, colorectal cancer refers to malignancies that affect the large intestine, which is the terminal part of the digestive system. Typically, colorectal cancer begins as adenomatous polyps, initially benign growths that, over time, can transform into cancerous cells that invade the body.
As reported by cancer.org, colorectal cancer holds the position of the third most frequently diagnosed cancer among both men and women in the United States, following skin cancer. The American Cancer Society also noted that in 2019, there were more than 100,000 new colon cancer cases, alongside over 44,000 new cases of rectal cancer.
While no one is entirely immune to these cancers, the prognosis is quite favorable when detected early. For instance, the 5-year survival rate for colon cancer stands at 14 percent, while rectal cancer boasts a 67 percent survival rate. Notably, the survival rate is significantly higher when cancer is diagnosed at a localized stage, often reaching around 89 percent or higher.
Commonly known as colon cancer, colorectal cancer refers to malignancies that affect the large intestine, which is the terminal part of the digestive system. Typically, colorectal cancer begins as adenomatous polyps, initially benign growths that, over time, can transform into cancerous cells that invade the body.
In its early stages, these polyps tend to be small and often present no noticeable symptoms. Consequently, individuals may remain unaware of their condition until the polyps advance to cancerous stages and symptoms emerge. Regular screening tests are crucial for detecting polyps and any early signs of colorectal cancer, allowing doctors to identify and remove polyps before they develop into cancer.
Symptoms of Colon Cancer
When polyps have progressed into cancerous cells, individuals may experience a range of symptoms, including:
- Alterations in bowel habits
- Presence of blood in stool or rectal bleeding
- Persistent abdominal discomfort
- Sensation of fullness in the bowels
- Unexplained weight loss
- Chronic fatigue
What Causes Colon Cancer?
Like many other types of cancer, the precise cause of colorectal cancer remains elusive. However, most medical professionals agree that the disease arises when healthy cells undergo alterations in their DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the genetic blueprint found in all humans and most organisms.
To elaborate, healthy cells grow and divide to ensure the body operates effectively. Yet, when the DNA within these cells becomes damaged or altered, they can turn cancerous and continue to proliferate, ultimately leading to tumor formation. As colorectal cancer progresses, it begins to invade healthy nearby tissues before spreading to other body parts.
Risk Factors
Although the exact cause of colorectal cancer is still undetermined, several factors can elevate the risk of receiving a diagnosis, including:
- Age – The risk of colorectal cancer increases significantly with age. Research indicates that the majority of new colorectal cancer diagnoses occur in individuals aged 50 and above.
- Intestinal inflammation – Studies demonstrate that individuals suffering from conditions like ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease are twice as likely to develop colorectal cancer.
- Ethnicity – While colorectal cancer can affect anyone, it is particularly prevalent among African-Americans, according to the American Association for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
- Genetics – A family history of colorectal or rectal cancer notably raises the likelihood of being diagnosed with either type.
- Radiation therapy – While radiation is an effective treatment for cancer, it can also induce the disease, especially if previous radiation treatments targeted the abdomen.
- Lifestyle – Lifestyle factors such as heavy alcohol consumption, obesity, and physical inactivity can contribute to colorectal cancer risk.
Reducing Your Risk of Developing Colon Cancer
According to Dr. Robert Bresalier, a professor in Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, taking a low-dose aspirin (81 milligrams) daily may decrease your chances of developing colorectal cancer and other types of cancer. However, daily aspirin use can result in gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcers. Therefore, it’s wise to consult with your healthcare provider before commencing a daily aspirin regimen. Additionally, you can lower your cancer risk by embracing a healthier lifestyle. Here are some practical suggestions to get started:
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- Clean eating – Focus on a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to ensure you receive the essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants to help fend off cancer.
- Avoid leading a sedentary lifestyle – Obesity is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer. Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise daily to maintain a healthy weight and reduce your risk.
- Limit alcohol consumption – While moderate alcohol consumption may have some benefits, excessive drinking can increase your risk of both colorectal cancer and liver cirrhosis. Ideally, restrict your alcohol intake to no more than one or two drinks per day.
- Quit smoking – If you're a smoker, now is the time to consider quitting; multiple studies have established a strong link between smoking and an elevated risk of colorectal cancer.
For colorectal cancer, early detection leads to better survival rates, making it essential to schedule regular cancer screenings with your healthcare provider. The proactive approach is the best defense against cancer or any other illness. However, if you notice changes in your bowel habits, blood in your stool, or other concerning symptoms, it is critical to consult with your doctor promptly. If you’re seeing your physician for your annual check-up, this is an excellent opportunity to discuss your colorectal health, especially if you’re over 50. These discussions should cover strategies to minimize your risk and the importance of consistent screenings.
Types of Treatment Available
Treatment options for colorectal cancer can differ significantly based on several factors, including the stage of the disease. Additional considerations, such as existing medications that might interact adversely with colorectal cancer treatments, will also influence your care plan. Common treatments for colorectal cancer include:
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
If you've received a colorectal cancer diagnosis, it’s essential to thoroughly discuss all treatment options with your healthcare provider to understand what lies ahead in your journey toward recovery. For additional information about cancer treatments and to delve deeper into the disease, consider visiting cancer.org.
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Author: This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional advice regarding health or finances. It is not intended to endorse any individual or company. This article is AI-generated and may contain inaccuracies or unreliable information. Readers should consult a qualified professional for personal advice.
