Colon Cancer Symptoms & Treatment Options
As highlighted by cancer.org, colorectal cancer stands as the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in both men and women across the United States, following skin cancer. Furthermore, the American Cancer Society reveals that in 2019 alone, there were more than 100,000 newly confirmed cases of colon cancer, alongside over 44,000 fresh instances of rectal cancer.
Commonly known as colon cancer, colorectal cancer affects the large intestine, which is the concluding segment of the digestive system. Typically, this type of cancer begins as adenomatous polyps. Initially, these polyps are non-cancerous; however, over time, they may develop into cancerous cells that invade the body.
As reported by cancer.org, colorectal cancer, second only to skin cancer, holds the position of the third most frequently diagnosed cancer among both men and women in the United States. Additionally, the American Cancer Society noted that over 100,000 new cases of colon cancer were reported in 2019, alongside more than 44,000 instances of rectal cancer.
While no one is completely invulnerable to these cancers, the prognosis is relatively favorable when they are caught early. For instance, the five-year survival rate stands at approximately 14 percent for colon cancer and 67 percent for rectal cancer. Notably, the survival probability is even greater when cancer is diagnosed at a localized stage, typically exceeding 89 percent.
In the early stages, these polyps are often small and do not present symptoms, meaning individuals may be unaware they have developed the condition until it progresses to cancerous states, and symptoms emerge. The most effective way to identify polyps and any early indications of colorectal cancer is through regular screening tests, which allow doctors to discover and remove polyps before they turn cancerous.
Symptoms
Once polyps transition into cancerous cells, many individuals may start to notice various symptoms such as:
- Changes in bowel habits
- Bloody stools or rectal bleeding
- Persistent abdominal discomfort
- Sensation of fullness in the bowel
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
Causes
Like many other cancers, the precise cause of colorectal cancer remains somewhat elusive; however, most experts agree that it arises when otherwise healthy cells acquire errors in their DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the genetic blueprint found in all humans and many organisms.
To elaborate, healthy cells multiply and divide to support the body's functions. However, when the DNA in these cells gets damaged or altered, they can turn cancerous, continuing to multiply and form tumors. As colorectal cancer progresses, it begins destroying adjacent healthy tissues and may eventually metastasize, affecting other parts of the body.
Risk Factors
While the exact origins of colorectal cancer are yet to be fully understood, certain factors can elevate the risk of developing the disease, including:
- Age – The likelihood of developing colorectal cancer increases significantly as you age. Research suggests that most newly diagnosed cases occur in individuals aged 50 and over.
- Intestinal inflammation – Research indicates that individuals with ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, or other inflammatory conditions of the colon are twice as likely to develop colon cancer.
- Ethnicity – While colorectal cancer can affect anyone, African-Americans appear to have a higher incidence, according to the American Association for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
- Genetics – A family history of rectal or colorectal cancer substantially raises your chances of being diagnosed with either disease.
- Radiation therapy – Although radiation can effectively treat cancer, such treatments may also initiate the disease, particularly if prior radiation was directed at the abdomen.
- Lifestyle – Various lifestyle factors, such as high alcohol consumption, obesity, and insufficient physical activity, can contribute to colorectal cancer risk.
Reducing Your Risk
According to Dr. Robert Bresalier, a professor of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, taking a low-dose aspirin (81 milligrams) daily may decrease your risk of developing colorectal cancer and other types of cancer. However, daily aspirin consumption can lead to gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcers, so it’s advisable to consult with your doctor before starting a regimen. Furthermore, adopting a healthier lifestyle can also lower your risk of developing the disease. Here are a few actionable tips to kickstart your journey:
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- Clean eating – A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains provides essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that can help fend off cancer.
- Avoid leading a sedentary lifestyle – Obesity is a significant contributor to colorectal cancer. Exercising for at least 30 minutes per day can help maintain a healthy weight and reduce your risk of developing the disease.
- Limit alcohol consumption – While moderate alcohol intake can have some health benefits, excessive drinking raises the risk of colorectal cancer and liver cirrhosis. Ideally, limit your alcohol intake to no more than one or two drinks per day.
- Smoking – If you smoke, consider this another compelling reason to quit, as numerous studies reveal a strong connection between smoking and an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
When it comes to colorectal cancer, early detection significantly enhances the survival rate; hence, it's wise to schedule routine cancer screening tests with your healthcare provider. After all, proactive measures are essential in battling cancer or any other serious health condition. If you notice changes in bowel habits, blood in stool, or symptoms that might indicate colorectal cancer, it is crucial to arrange an appointment with your doctor right away. If you are already due for your annual physical exam, this is an ideal time to discuss your colorectal health, particularly if you're 50 or older. Such discussions should cover strategies for minimizing your risk and determining a schedule for regular screenings.
Types of Treatment Available
Colorectal cancer treatment options can differ widely, influenced by various factors, including the severity of the disease's progression. Additional considerations may involve any medications you are currently taking, which could interact adversely with colorectal cancer treatments. Nonetheless, some of the prevalent colorectal cancer treatments are:
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
If you have received a colorectal cancer diagnosis, it is crucial to discuss all treatment options with your physician to understand what lies ahead as you pursue recovery. For more insights into cancer treatments and further information about the disease, please visit cancer.org.
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Author: This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional advice regarding health or finances. It is not intended to endorse any individual or company. This article is AI-generated and may contain inaccuracies or unreliable information. Readers should consult a qualified professional for personal advice.
